Kuwait Times, Sunday, May 28, 2023 | Thul-Qidah 8, 1444
Constitution provides parliamentarians with freedoms to play prominent legislative role
Kuwait:
With recent opinions skeptical of the role of the
legislative process in Kuwait and its actual effects on policymaking, we should
look back to the constitution and the freedoms it provides to members of the
parliament with regards to their role in interacting with the government.
In Kuwait, the constitution allows MPs a degree of freedom with regards to the
legislative process and its supervision with the executive body. It also
protects MPs and their views, as they are seen as representatives of the entire
nation. Moreover, it necessitates that the Cabinet must provide a program that
would be followed. Furthermore, MPs can question and force the resignation of a
minister, in addition to their usual duties as legislators.
Constitutional
rights and legal immunity
Article 108 states “A member of the Assembly represents the whole nation. He
shall safeguard the public interest and shall not be subject to any authority in
the discharge of his duties in the Assembly or in its committees.”
Article 109 states “A member of the Assembly shall have the right to initiate
bills. No bill initiated by a member and rejected by the National Assembly may
be re-introduced during the same session.
Article 110 states “A member of the National Assembly shall be free to express,
any views or opinions in the Assembly or in its committees. Under no
circumstances shall he be held liable in respect thereof”, meaning no legal
action can be taken against an MP.
Supervising the government program
Article 98 states that immediately upon the formation of a Cabinet, it shall
present its program to the Assembly, and the Assembly may make comments with
regards to the program. This program is then set as a basis for the supervision
work of the parliament. If any issue is found, article 114 gives MPs the right
to form investigation committees in any matter they see fit, with the ministry
obliged to produce a reply.
Questioning
Article 99 states clearly, “Every member of the National Assembly may put to the
prime minister and to ministers questions with a view to clarifying matters
falling within their competence.” There are 34,324 questions listed in the
official Assembly database to date, with the first question addressed by a
number of MPs to then foreign minister, the late Amir Sheikh Sabah Al-Ahmad
Al-Jaber Al-Sabah on Feb 20, 1963, asking about the delay in recognizing the
then newly formed Yemeni revolutionary government. Sheikh Sabah Al-Ahmad replied
the recognition of a state is a mere formality, as the recognition has already
been agreed upon, but the ministry felt for Kuwait’s best interest to delay the
recognition, stressing that no foreign pressure has been a reason for the case.
Interpellation
Article 100 gives the right to members to address the Cabinet in an
interpellation (grilling), which is a prolonged debate on an issue as long as it
falls within the ministry’s competence, with an 8-day brief period given before
the interpellation takes place. Usually, members request an interpellation
should they believe a previously requested question was not adequately answered.
Subject to the provisions of articles 101 and 102 of the constitution, an
interpellation may lead to a motion of no-confidence being put to the Assembly.
Article 101 states “Every minister shall be responsible to the National Assembly
for the affairs of his ministry”, and if a no-confidence vote is passed after an
interpellation, the minister must submit a formal resignation. Ministers cannot
participate in a vote of no-confidence, which passes by a majority vote by MPs.
As for article 102, it allows for the ability to file a non-cooperation request
that would be delivered to HH the Amir, who would then decide to either dissolve
the parliament or appoint a new prime minister. It states: “(If the new
Assembly) cannot co-operate with the said prime minister, he shall be considered
to have resigned as from the date of the decision of the Assembly in this
respect, and a new Cabinet shall be formed.”
There have been 135 interpellations listed in the Assembly’s database to date,
the first of which was an interpellation addressed to the social affairs and
labor minister by late MP Mohammed Al-Rushaid regarding the distribution of 30
1,000 sq m plots in Adaliya.
The Kuwaiti parliament is clearly a harbor of freedom that should be exercised
responsibly. If the constitution allows this much freedom for the monitoring of
the executive body, it should be seen as a privilege that would accelerate the
development of society and not hinder its progress for the sake of personal
interests.
From the first interpellation in 1963 until 2006, there were a total of 35
interpellations, averaging 0.81 interpellations per year. In the period from
2007 to date, there have been 100 interpellations recorded, averaging 6.67
interpellations per year. The excessive increase in the number of
interpellations points out there might be some misuse of this constitutional
tool, with some grillings deemed personal rather than constructive.
Interpellation is an effective tool rightfully granted by the constitution and
its misuse can only result in the harm of the nation for the benefit of a few.